Rizal’s Last Hours: A Testament of Courage and Conviction
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| The Museo ni Jose Rizal Fort Santiago recreates the hero’s actual prison cell. Its “Silid Piitan” gallery contains a life-size wax effigy of Rizal by National Artist for Sculture Guillermo Tolentino. |
On December 29, 1896, José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, spent his final hours in Fort Santiago, exuding serenity and profound courage. This chronicle of his last moments reflects not only his inner peace but also his unwavering commitment to his principles, even as he faced death.
6:00 – 7:00 a.m.: News of the Inevitable
Rizal was visited by Sr. S. Mataix, who sought permission to interview him. Shortly afterward, Captain Dominguez formally read the death sentence. Rizal, composed as ever, accepted the news. Mataix’s cablegram to El Heraldo de Madrid and Dominguez’s notes provide an insight into this solemn moment.
7:00 – 8:00 a.m.: Spiritual Visits
Transferred to his death cell, Rizal briefly conversed with Fr. Saderra. Fr. Viza presented a statue of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and a Marian medal, which Rizal declined, remarking, “I’m little of a Marian, Father.” His polite yet firm rejection highlighted his personal beliefs and convictions.
8:00 – 9:00 a.m.: A Morning of Gratitude
Rizal shared his simple meal of milk and coffee with Fr. Rosell and was visited by Lt. Andrade and the Chief of Artillery, to whom he expressed gratitude. He penned a note inviting his family for a final visit, demonstrating his thoughtful concern for those he loved.
9:00 – 10:00 a.m.: An Interview with Mataix
Despite strict regulations, Mataix managed to interview Rizal in the presence of Fr. Rosell. Governor Luengo also joined the conversation, offering moments of camaraderie amid the tension.
10:00 – 11:00 a.m.: A Heated Debate
Fr. Faura urged Rizal to reconcile with the Church and marry Josephine Bracken canonically. A heated discussion on religion ensued, showcasing Rizal’s steadfastness in his beliefs.
11:00 – 12:00 noon: Intellectual Reflections
In a lengthy conversation with Fr. Vilaclara, Rizal’s rationalist and calculated discourse impressed the priests but left little hope for his retraction. Rizal’s blend of logic and piety intrigued his visitors.
12:00 – 1:00 p.m.: Spiritual Contemplation
Rizal turned to the Bible and The Imitation of Christ by Thomas à Kempis for meditation. Fr. Balaguer noted that Rizal seemed at peace, preparing himself spiritually for his final moments.
1:00 – 4:00 p.m.: Familial Farewells
Rizal spent these hours meeting his family. He knelt before his mother, asking for her forgiveness. He gave keepsakes to his siblings, including books and personal belongings. These tender moments showed his deep love and concern for his family.
4:00 – 10:00 p.m.: Quiet Resolve
Rizal read German verses and wrote several letters, including one to his brother Paciano. He also penned his final poem, Mi Último Adiós, hiding it in an alcohol burner to ensure it reached future generations.
10:00 p.m. – 4:00 a.m.: Restful Sleep
Having completed his preparations, Rizal slept peacefully, demonstrating his unshaken faith in God and the justness of his cause.
December 30, 1896: The Execution
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| Inside the walled city of Intramuros, the Museum of Jose Rizal, Fort Santiago (Museo ni Jose Rizal, Fort Santiago) is housed in the actual site where the Filipino polymath was detained during his last days |
4:00 – 6:15 a.m.: Final Moments
Rizal woke early, meditated, and wrote a dedication to Josephine Bracken in The Imitation of Christ, which served as their symbolic marriage certificate. He washed, had breakfast, and penned a letter to his parents.
6:15 – 7:00 a.m.: The Walk to Martyrdom
Escorted by Fr. March and Fr. Vilaclara, Rizal walked with dignity to Bagumbayan (now Rizal Park). He exchanged quiet words with his companions and seemed to search the crowd for a familiar face. His composure never wavered.
7:00 – 7:03 a.m.: The Hero Falls
As the executioners raised their rifles, Rizal uttered his final words: “It is finished.” The shots rang out, and he fell, turning to face the rising sun—a powerful symbol of hope for his nation.
Legacy
Rizal’s last hours reflect a life dedicated to freedom, truth, and the upliftment of his people. His calm demeanor, intellectual rigor, and unwavering principles left an indelible mark, inspiring generations of Filipinos to continue his fight for liberty and justice. His martyrdom became the cornerstone of the Filipino struggle for independence, immortalizing him as the Pride of the Malay Race.
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